Izibonelelo zokuNcitshiswa kweengxaki ze-IAQ

Iziphumo zempilo

Iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-IAQ ehluphekileyo ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokungcola. Banokuphoswa ngokulula ngeempawu zezinye izigulo ezinjengokwalana, uxinzelelo, imikhuhlane, kunye nomkhuhlane. Umkhondo oqhelekileyo kukuba abantu baziva begula ngelixa bengaphakathi kwesakhiwo, kwaye iimpawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokushiya isakhiwo, okanye xa bengekho kwisakhiwo ixesha elithile (njengeempelaveki okanye iholide). Uphando lwezempilo okanye lweempawu, ezifana nelo libandakanyiweyo kwiSihlomelo D, lisetyenziselwe ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ubukho beengxaki ze-IAQ. Ukungaphumeleli kwabanini bezakhiwo kunye nabaqhubi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kwiingxaki ze-IAQ kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezininzi ezibi zempilo. Iziphumo zempilo ezivela kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi zinokubakho kungekudala emva kokuvezwa okanye, mhlawumbi, kwiminyaka kamva (8, 9, 10). Iimpawu zisenokuquka ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo, nomqala; intloko ebuhlungu; isiyezi irhashalala; kunye neentlungu zemisipha kunye nokukhathala (11, 12, 13, 14). Izifo ezinxulumene ne-IAQ ehluphekileyo ziquka i-asthma kunye ne-hypersensitivity pneumonitis (11, 13). Ungcoliseko oluthile, ugxininiso lokuvezwa, kunye nokuphindaphinda kunye nobude bexesha lokuvezwa zizo zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo kuhlobo kunye nobukhulu beziphumo zempilo ezibangelwa yi-IAQ embi. Ubudala kunye neemeko zonyango ezikhoyo ngaphambili ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-allergies nazo zinokuchaphazela ubunzulu beziphumo. Iziphumo zexesha elide ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi zinokubandakanya izifo zokuphefumla, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nomhlaza, zonke ezinokuthi zibe buthathaka kakhulu okanye zibulale (8, 11, 13).

 

Uphando ludibanise ubumanzi bokwakha kunye neziphumo ezibalulekileyo zempilo. Iintlobo ezininzi zebhaktheriya kunye nefungi, ngakumbi i-filamentous fungi (umngundo), ingaba negalelo elikhulu kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi (4, 15-20). Nanini na xa kukho ukufuma okwaneleyo kwiindawo zokusebenza, ezi ntsholongwane zinokukhula kwaye zichaphazele impilo yabasebenzi ngeendlela ezininzi. Abasebenzi banokuba neempawu zokuphefumla, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, okanye umbefu (8). Isifuba, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuxinana kwesono, ukuthimla, ukuxinana kweempumlo, kunye ne-sinusitis zonke zinxulunyaniswa nokufuma kwangaphakathi kwizifundo ezininzi (21-23). Isifuba sombefu sibangelwa kwaye senziwa mandundu ngakumbi kukufuma kwizakhiwo. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela okanye yokunciphisa iziphumo ezibi kwimpilo kukumisela imithombo yokufuma okuzingisileyo kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nokuyiphelisa. Iinkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga nokuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-mold zifumaneka kwi-OSHA yokupapashwa enesihloko esithi: "Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-Mold kwindawo yokusebenzela yangaphakathi" (17). Ezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo ezinjengokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle, uxinzelelo, ingxolo, kunye nokungakhululeki kwe-thermal kunokubangela okanye kube negalelo kwezi ziphumo zempilo (8).

Ukusuka "kwiMgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi kwiZakhiwo zoRhwebo kunye neziko," ngo-Epreli 2011, uKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo kwiSebe lezeMisebenzi lase-US