Imitha ye-Air Particulate

Izinto eziyinxalenye ye-particle matter (PM) lungcoliseko lwamasuntswana, oluveliswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezinokwahlulwa zibe ziinkqubo ze-mechanical okanye ze-chemical. Ngokwesiko, isayensi yokusingqongileyo yahlulahlula amasuntswana abe ngamaqela amabini aphambili i-PM10 kunye ne-PM2.5.

I-PM10 ngamasuntswana aphakathi kwe-2.5 kunye ne-10 microns (ii-micrometer) ububanzi (unwele lomntu lumalunga ne-60 micron ububanzi). I-PM2.5 ngamasuntswana amancinci kune-2.5 microns. I-PM2.5 kunye ne-PM10 zinezinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Okukhona isuntswana lincinci kokukhona linokuhlala ixesha elide emoyeni ngaphambi kokuba lihlale. I-PM2.5 inokuhlala emoyeni ukusuka kwiiyure ukuya kwiiveki kwaye ihambe imigama emide kakhulu kuba incinci kwaye ilula.

I-PM2.5 inokungena kwiindawo ezinzulu (ze-alveolar) zemiphunga xa kukho utshintsho lwegesi phakathi komoya nomsinga wegazi lakho. Ezi zezona nxalenye ziyingozi kakhulu kuba inxalenye ye-alveolar yemiphunga ayinayo indlela efanelekileyo yokuzisusa kwaye ukuba ezi nxalenye zinyibilika emanzini, zinokudlula ziye kumsinga wegazi kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukuba azinyibiliki emanzini, zihlala kwindawo ye-alveolar yemiphunga ixesha elide. Xa ezi nxalenye zincinci zingena nzulu emiphungeni kwaye zivaleleke oku kunokubangela isifo semiphunga, i-emphysema kunye/okanye umhlaza wemiphunga kwezinye iimeko.

Iziphumo eziphambili ezinxulumene nokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezincinci zingabandakanya: ukufa kwangethuba, ukuqina kwesifo sokuphefumla kunye nesifo sentliziyo (oku kubonakaliswa kukwanda kokungeniswa esibhedlele kunye nokutyelela amagumbi ongxamiseko, ukungabikho esikolweni, ukulahlekelwa ziintsuku zomsebenzi, kunye neentsuku zomsebenzi ezithintelweyo) i-asthma ebuhlungu, iimpawu zokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga kunye nokwanda kwe-myocardial infarction.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezingcolisa amakhaya ethu nakwiiofisi zethu. Ezivela ngaphandle ziquka imithombo yemizi-mveliso, iindawo zokwakha, imithombo yokutsha, ipollen, nezinye ezininzi. Izinto ezingcolisa amakhaya nazo ziveliswa yimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yangaphakathi ukusuka ekuphekeni, ukuhamba phezu kwekhaphethi, izilwanyana zasekhaya, iisofa okanye iibhedi, ii-air conditioner njl. Naluphi na ushukumo okanye ukungcangcazela kunokudala amasuntswana ahamba emoyeni!