Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lwenziwa kukutsha kwemithombo yamafutha aqinileyo – efana neenkuni, inkunkuma yezityalo, nobulongwe – ukulungiselela ukupheka nokufudumeza.
Ukutshiswa kwamafutha anjalo, ngakumbi kumakhaya ahluphekayo, kubangela ungcoliseko lomoya olukhokelela kwizifo zokuphefumla ezinokukhokelela ekufeni ngaphambi kwexesha. I-WHO ibiza ungcoliseko lomoya ongaphakathi “yeyona ngozi inkulu yempilo yemekobume ehlabathini.”
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ngomnye wemiba ephambili yomngcipheko wokufa ngaphambi kwexesha
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi yeyona nto iphambili kumngcipheko wokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi – ingakumbi kwiabona bahluphekayo ehlabathiniabasoloko bengakwazi ukufikelela kumafutha acocekileyo okupheka.
IUmthwalo weHlabathi weZifoluphononongo olukhulu lwehlabathi malunga nezizathu kunye nemiba esemngciphekweni yokufa kunye nezifo epapashwe kwijenali yezonyangoILancet.2Olu qikelelo lwenani lonyaka lokufa okubangelwa luluhlu olubanzi lwemiba yomngcipheko luboniswa apha. Le tshati iboniswe kwitotali yehlabathi, kodwa inokuphononongwa kulo naliphi na ilizwe okanye ummandla kusetyenziswa “ilizwe elitshintshayo” toggle.
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ngumba womngcipheko kuninzi lwezona zizathu ziphambili zokufa kwihlabathi, kubandakanya nesifo sentliziyo, inyumoniya, istroke, isifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.3Kwitshathi sibona ukuba yenye yezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufa kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngokutsho kweUmthwalo weHlabathi weZifoUphononongo lokufa kwe-2313991 kubalelwa kungcoliseko lwangaphakathi kunyaka wamva nje.
Ngenxa yokuba idatha ye-IHME isanda kutshanje sithembele kakhulu kwidatha ye-IHME kumsebenzi wethu wongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-WHO ipapasha inani elikhulu kakhulu lokufa kongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi. Ngo-2018 (idatha ekhoyo yamva nje) i-WHO iqikelela ukufa kwe-3.8 yezigidi.4
Impembelelo yempilo yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi iphezulu kakhulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi. Ukuba sijonga ukwahlulwa kwamazwe anesalathiso esisezantsi sesociodemographic - 'Low SDI' kwitshathi esebenzisanayo - sibona ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi luphakathi kwezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu.
Ukusasazwa kwehlabathi lokufa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi
I-4.1% yokusweleka kwehlabathi kubalelwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kubangelwe kubhubhani oqikelelwa kuma-2313991 kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lube noxanduva lokufa kwe-4.1% yehlabathi.
Kule mephu sibona isabelo sokufa kwaminyaka le kubalelwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kwihlabathi liphela.
Xa sithelekisa isabelo sokufa okubangelwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwexesha okanye phakathi kwamazwe, asithelekisi kuphela ubungakanani bongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi, kodwa ubukhali bayo.kumxholoyeminye imiba esemngciphekweni wokufa. Isabelo songcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi asixhomekekanga kuphela ekubeni bangaphi na ababhubha phambi kwexesha kulo, kodwa yeyiphi enye into abantu ababulawa yiyo kwaye itshintsha njani.
Xa sijonga isabelo esifa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi, amanani aphezulu kuwo onke amazwe anengeniso ephantsi kwi-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan, kodwa awahlukanga ngokuphawulekayo kumazwe angaphaya kwe-Asiya okanye i-Latin America. Apho, ubuzaza bongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi - oluchazwa njengesabelo sokufa - bufihliwe yindima yezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwimivuzo ephantsi, njengokufikelela okuphantsiamanzi akhuselekileyo, amahlwempuucocekokunye nesondo esingakhuselekanga nto leyo engumngciphekoHIV/AIDS.
Izinga lokusweleka liphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi
Amazinga okusweleka okuvela kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi asinika uthelekiso oluchanekileyo lweyantlukwano kwiimpembelelo zokusweleka phakathi kwamazwe nakwixesha elide. Ngokuchaseneyo nesabelo sokufa ebesikhe sasifunda ngaphambili, amazinga okufa akaphenjelelwa yindlela ezinye oonobangela okanye imingcipheko yokufa etshintsha ngayo.
Kule mephu sibona amazinga okusweleka kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kwihlabathi liphela. Izinga lokufa lilinganisa inani lokufa kwabantu abayi-100,000 kwilizwe okanye ummandla othile.
Okucacayo ngumahluko omkhulu kumazinga okufa phakathi kwamazwe: amazinga aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi, ngakumbi kwi-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Sahara nase-Asiya.
Thelekisa la mazinga kunye nawo onke amazwe anengeniso ephezulu: kuMntla Merika wonke amazinga angaphantsi kwe-0.1 yokusweleka kwi-100,000 nganye. Lowo ngumahluko ophindwe ka-1000.
Umba wongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ke ngoko unokwahlukana okucacileyo kwezoqoqosho: yingxaki ephantse yapheliswa ngokupheleleyo kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, kodwa ihlala iyingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo kwimivuzo ephantsi.
Sibona olu budlelwane ngokucacileyo xa siceba amazinga okufa ngokuchasene nengeniso, njengoko kubonisiweApha. Kukho unxulumano olubi olomeleleyo: izinga lokufa liyehla njengoko amazwe esiba sisityebi. Oku kukwayinyaniso xayenza lo mzekelisophakathi kwezinga lobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo kunye neziphumo zongcoliseko.
Kutshintshe njani ukubhubha kwabantu ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwexesha?
Ukufa konyaka ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwehlile kwihlabathi jikelele
Ngelixa ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi iseyenye yezona zinto ziphambili zomngcipheko wokusweleka, kunye nowona mngcipheko mkhulu kwimivuzo ephantsi, ilizwe lenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Kwihlabathi jikelele, inani labantu abasweleka ngonyaka ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lehle kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1990. Sibona oku kumboniso, obonisa inani lonyaka lokufa okubangelwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kwihlabathi jikelele.
Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona kuqhubekaukwanda kwabemikumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, iiyonkeinani lokufa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lisehlile.
Ivela ku-https://ourworldindata.org/indoor-air-pollution
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-10-2022