Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lubangelwa kukutshisa imithombo yamandla aqinileyo – njengeenkuni, inkunkuma yezityalo, kunye nobulongwe – ukuze kuphekwe kwaye kufudumale.
Ukutshiswa kwezi petroli, ingakumbi kumakhaya ahlwempuzekileyo, kuphumela kungcoliseko lomoya olukhokelela kwizifo zokuphefumla ezinokubangela ukufa kwangethuba. I-WHO ithi ungcoliseko lomoya lwangaphakathi “yeyona ngozi inkulu kwimpilo yendalo ehlabathini.”
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukufa kwangethuba
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi luyinto ephambili ebangela ukufa kwangethuba kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi yenye yezona ngxaki zinkulu zokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela – ingakumbiezona zihlwempuzekileyo ehlabathiniabadla ngokungabi nazifutha ezicocekileyo zokupheka.
IUmthwalo Wezifo Wehlabathi Lonkeluphononongo olukhulu lwehlabathi malunga nezizathu kunye nemingcipheko yokufa kunye nezifo olupapashwe kwijenali yezonyangoI-Lancet.2Olu qikelelo lwenani laminyaka le lokufa elibangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinobungozi luboniswe apha. Le tshathi iboniswe kwinani lilonke lehlabathi, kodwa inokujongwa kulo naliphi na ilizwe okanye ummandla kusetyenziswa i-toggle ethi "tshintsha ilizwe".
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi luyimbangela yomngcipheko wezona zinto ziphambili zokufa emhlabeni, eziquka isifo sentliziyo, i-pneumonia, i-stroke, isifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.3Kwitshathi sibona ukuba yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukufa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngokutsho kweUmthwalo Wezifo Wehlabathi Lonkeuphononongo lubonise ukuba ukufa kwabantu abayi-2313991 kubangelwa kukungcola kwangaphakathi kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba idatha ye-IHME yakutshanje, sixhomekeke kakhulu kwidatha ye-IHME kumsebenzi wethu wongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-WHO ipapashe inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abafa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi. Ngo-2018 (idatha yamva nje ekhoyo) i-WHO iqikelele ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezi-3.8 bafa.4
Impembelelo yempilo yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi iphezulu kakhulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi. Ukuba sijonga uhlalutyo lwamazwe ane-sociodemographic index ephantsi – 'i-Low SDI' kwitshathi esebenzisana nayo – sibona ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi luphakathi kwezinto ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Ukusasazeka kwehlabathi kwabantu ababulawa kungcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi
I-4.1% yabantu ababhubhayo kwihlabathi liphela ibangelwa kukungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lubangelwe kukufa okuqikelelwa kwi-2313991 kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lubangele i-4.1% yokufa kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwimephu apha sibona inani labantu abafa minyaka le ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwihlabathi liphela.
Xa sithelekisa inani labantu ababhubhayo ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi endlwini, nokuba ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye phakathi kwamazwe, asithelekisi nje kuphela ubungakanani bongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi endlwini, kodwa nobunzima balo.kumxholoezinye izinto ezibangela ukufa. Isabelo songcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi asixhomekekanga kuphela ekubeni bangaphi abantu abafa ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yalo, kodwa sixhomekeke kwinto enye abantu abafa kuyo kwaye oku kutshintsha njani.
Xa sijonga inani labantu abafa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi, amanani aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kwi-Sub-Saharan Africa, kodwa awahlukanga kangako kumazwe ase-Asia okanye eLatin America. Apho, ubunzima bongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi - olubonakaliswa njengesabelo sokufa - bufihliwe yindima yezinye izinto ezinobungozi kubantu abanengeniso ephantsi, njengokufikelela okuncinciamanzi akhuselekileyo, ihlwempuucocekokunye nesondo esingakhuselekanga esiyingozi kakhuluI-HIV/AIDS.
Amanani okufa aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi
Amanani okufa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi asinika uthelekiso oluchanekileyo lomahluko kwimpembelelo yokufa phakathi kwamazwe kunye nokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokwahlukileyo kwinani lokufa esilifundileyo ngaphambili, amazinga okufa awachatshazelwa yindlela ezinye izizathu okanye izinto ezibangela ukufa ezitshintsha ngayo.
Kule mephu sibona amazinga okufa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwihlabathi liphela. Amazinga okufa alinganisa inani lokufa kubantu abayi-100,000 kwilizwe okanye kummandla othile.
Okucacayo kukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kumanani okufa phakathi kwamazwe: amazinga aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi, ngakumbi kwi-Afrika esemaZantsi kweSahara nase-Asia.
Thelekisa la manani kunye nalawo akumazwe anengeniso ephezulu: kuwo wonke uMntla Melika amazinga okufa angaphantsi kwe-0.1 kubantu abayi-100,000. Loo mahluko mkhulu ngaphezu kwe-1000.
Ngoko ke, umba wongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi endlini unokwahlukana okucacileyo kwezoqoqosho: yingxaki esele iphantse yapheliswa ngokupheleleyo kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, kodwa iseyingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo nezempilo kubantu abanengeniso ephantsi.
Sibona olu lwalamano ngokucacileyo xa siceba amazinga okufa xa kuthelekiswa nengeniso, njengoko kubonisiweAphaKukho ubudlelwane obubi obuqinileyo: amazinga okufa ayehla njengoko amazwe etyeba ngakumbi. Oku kuyinyaniso naxayenza olu thelekisophakathi kwamazinga obuhlwempu obukhulu kunye nemiphumo yongcoliseko.
Ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi endlini kutshintshe njani ekuhambeni kwexesha?
Ukufa kwabantu minyaka le ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwendlu kuye kwehla kwihlabathi liphela
Nangona ungcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi lusengomnye wemiba ephambili yomngcipheko wokufa, kwaye luwona mngcipheko mkhulu kubantu abanemivuzo ephantsi, ihlabathi likwaqhubele phambili kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Kwihlabathi liphela, inani labantu abafa minyaka le ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi liye lehla kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1990. Oku sikubona kwimbonakalo, ebonisa inani labantu abafa minyaka le ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi kwihlabathi liphela.
Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona kuqhubekaukukhula koluntukwiminyaka yakutshanje,iyonkeInani labantu ababhubha ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi endlini lisanciphile.
Ivela ku-https://ourworldindata.org/indoor-air-pollution
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-10-2022