Izizathu Eziphambili Zeengxaki Zomoya Wangaphakathi - Umsi Osetyenzisiweyo Nezindlu Ezingenamsi

Yintoni i-Secondhand Smoke?

Umsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha ngumxube womsi ophuma xa kutshiswa iimveliso zecuba, ezifana neecuba, iicuba okanye iipayipi kunye nomsi okhutshwa ngabantu abatshayayo. Umsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha ukwabizwa ngokuba yi-environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Ukuchatshazelwa ngumsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa kukutshaya ngokunganyanzelekanga okanye ngokungaqhutywa. Umsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha, ohlulwe yi-EPA njenge-Group A carcinogen, uqulethe izinto ezingaphezu kwama-7,000. Ukuchatshazelwa ngumsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha kudla ngokuvela ngaphakathi endlwini, ngakumbi emakhaya nasezimotweni. Umsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha unokuhamba phakathi kwamagumbi endlu naphakathi kwee-floti. Ukuvula ifestile okanye ukwandisa umoya endlwini okanye emotweni akukhuseli kumsi ophuma kwisinye isitsha.

Zithini iziphumo zempilo zomsi osetyenziswa ngumntu omnye?

Imiphumo yempilo yomsi otshayiweyo kubantu abadala nakubantwana abangatshayiyo iyingozi kwaye ininzi. Umsi otshayiweyo ubangela izifo zentliziyo (isifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi), umhlaza wemiphunga, isifo sokufa kweentsana ngesiquphe, ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma rhoqo nangokuqatha, kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Kuye kwenziwa uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lwempilo malunga nomsi otshayiweyo.

Iziphumo eziphambili:

• Akukho mngcipheko wokufumana umsi ophuma komnye umntu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa utywala.
• Ukususela kwiNgxelo kaGqirha Jikelele ka-1964, abantu abadala abazizigidi ezi-2.5 ababengatshayi bafa ngenxa yokuphefumla umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
• Ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu kubangela ukufa kwabantu abamalunga nama-34,000 ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo minyaka le eMelika phakathi kwabantu abangatshayiyo.
• Abantu abangatshayiyo abachatshazelwa ngumsi wecuba ekhaya okanye emsebenzini bonyusa umngcipheko wabo wokufumana isifo sentliziyo ngama-25-30%.
• Umsi otshaya abantu abatshayayo ubangela ukufa kwabantu abaninzi abanesifo somhlaza wemiphunga eMelika minyaka le.
• Abantu abangatshayiyo abachatshazelwa ngumsi wecuba ekhaya okanye emsebenzini bonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga ngama-20-30%.
• Ukutshaya umsi ophuma komnye umntu kubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo kwiintsana nakubantwana, kuquka ukuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba rhoqo nangokuqatha, usulelo lokuphefumla, usulelo lwendlebe, kunye nesifo sokufa kweentsana ngesiquphe.

Yintoni Onokuyenza Ukuze Unciphise Ukuvezwa Ngumsi Osetyenziswa Yinkampani Yomnye Umntu?

Ukususa umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye kwindawo engaphakathi kuya kunciphisa iziphumo zayo eziyingozi kwimpilo, kuphucule umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nentuthuzelo okanye impilo yabantu abahlala apho. Ukuvezwa komsi osetyenziswa ngabanye kunokuncitshiswa ngokusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo ogunyazisiweyo okanye ngokuzithandela ongenamsi. Ezinye iindawo zokusebenza kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke ezivaliweyo ezifana neebhari kunye neendawo zokutyela azinamsi ngokomthetho. Abantu banokuseka baze banyanzelise imithetho engenamsi emakhayeni abo nakwiimoto zabo. Kwizindlu ezineentsapho ezininzi, ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo ongenamsi kunokuba yimfuneko okanye ngokuzithandela, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwepropati kunye nendawo (umz., ubunini kunye negunya).

• Ikhaya liya lisiba yindawo ephambili yokuchanabeka kwabantwana nabantu abadala kumsi ophuma kwi-intanethi. (Ingxelo kaGqirha Jikelele, 2006)
• Imizi ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo ezinemigaqo-nkqubo yokungatshayi ine-PM2.5 ephantsi xa ithelekiswa nezakhiwo ezingenayo le migaqo-nkqubo. I-PM2.5 yiyunithi yokulinganisa amasuntswana amancinci emoyeni kwaye isetyenziswa njengenye yeempawu zomgangatho womoya. Amanqanaba aphezulu amasuntswana amancinci emoyeni anokubangela iimpembelelo ezimbi kwimpilo. (Russo, 2014)
• Ukuthintela ukutshaya ngaphakathi yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokususa umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu ngaphakathi. Iindlela zokungenisa umoya kunye nokucoca zinokunciphisa, kodwa aziyi kuyisusa, umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu. (Bohoc, 2010)

Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes