Njengoko ulwazi loluntu ngempilo nomgangatho wokusingqongileyo lusanda, umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kwiindawo zorhwebo uye waba yingxaki enkulu kuluntu. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lunegalelo ekufeni kwabantu abayi-4.3 yezigidi ngonyaka. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezinabantu abaninzi—iiofisi, iivenkile ezinkulu, izibhedlele, izikolo—zihlala zineendawo zokungenisa umoya ophantsi kunye nabantu abaninzi, nto leyo eyenza zibe ziindawo ezishushu zokungcola kwangaphakathi. Umgangatho womoya uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impilo-ntle kunye nemveliso yomntu wonke osebenza, othengayo, okanye ofunda kwezi ndawo. Ukugcina imigangatho ekhuselekileyo kunye nokomeleza ukuqina kwempilo yoluntu, ukufakaizixhobo zokujonga umgangatho womoyaiye yaba yindlela ebalulekileyo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo zanamhlanje.
Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi: Ukusuka Kwingozi Yempilo Ukuya Kwiindleko Zoluntu
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi luvela xa izinto ezingcolisayo ezinobungozi ziqokelelana kwiindawo ezivalekileyo. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zivela kumsi wecuba, izixhobo zokwakha ezikhupha igesi, ii-VOC ezivela kwizinto zokucoca, ii-mold spores, kunye ne-CO2 ephezulu evela kwimisebenzi yabantu. Iindawo zorhwebo, ezineenkqubo zazo ze-HVAC ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu, ziyayiphucula le micimbi.
Ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide kukhokelela kwizifo zokuphefumla (isifuba, i-bronchitis), ii-allergy, iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukurhawuzelelwa kwamehlo, kunye—nangakumbi—neengozi zexesha elide ezifana neemeko zentliziyo kunye nemiphumo yemithambo-luvo. Kumzekelo omnye, ivenkile enkulu yaseBeijing yamisa imisebenzi ngo-2022 emva kokukhutshwa kakhulu kwe-formaldehyde okubangele isiyezi kunye nokucaphuka phakathi kwabasebenzi, nto leyo eyabangela ukulahlekelwa yimali kunye nokwanda kwengqwalasela yoluntu.
Oko Kwenziwa Ziimonitha Zomgangatho Womoya Ngokwenene
Izijongi zomgangatho womoya ziqokelela idatha yokusingqongileyo yexesha langempela kwaye ziyiguqulele kwiingcamango ezisebenzisekayo. Zisebenzisa izinzwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi, zilinganisa ubushushu, ukufuma, i-CO2, ii-VOC, kunye nezinto ezincinci (PM2.5, PM10). Ngokuhlalutya ezi milinganiselo, inkqubo inika umbono opheleleyo weemeko zomoya zangaphakathi.
Xa ungcoliseko lugqitha imida, iimonitha zinokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zokucoca okanye zazise abaphathi bezakhiwo ukuba baphucule umoya. Le ndlela iqhutywa yidatha iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo lokusingqongileyo.
Ukutshintsha Ukusuka Kwimpendulo Engasebenziyo ukuya Kwindlela Esebenzayo Yokuthintela
Enye yezona nzuzo zibalaseleyo zokusebenzisa izixhobo zokujonga umgangatho womoya kukwaziwa ngakumbi luluntu. Iziboniso zexesha langempela—ii-apps zeselula, izikrini ze-lobby, iideshibhodi—zenza umgangatho womoya ube sobala kwaye zikhuthaze ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza.
Isakhiwo seofisi saseShenzhen sibone ulwaneliseko lwabasebenzi ngomgangatho womoya onyuka ngama-30% kwaye amazinga ekhefu lokugula ehla ngama-20% emva kokubeka esweni okubonakalayo. Ukungafihlisi kwakha ukuthembana kwaye kushukumisa amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuchonga Imithombo Yongcoliseko Yokungenelela Okuchanekileyo
Izijongi zomgangatho womoya zinceda ekuchongeni uhlobo kunye nemvelaphi yongcoliseko. Umzekelo, i-PM2.5 ephezulu inokubonisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC okuvela kwizixhobo zokuhlaziya, ngelixa i-CO2 ephezulu ibonisa ukungoneli komoya.
Isibhedlele saseShanghai safumanisa ngokubeka esweni ukuba ukwanda kwe-VOC kumagumbi otyando kwakubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-ntsholongwane. Ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza yokucoca kunye nokutshintshela kwiimveliso ze-VOC eziphantsi kuphucule kakhulu iimeko.
Ukuxhasa uCwangciso lweNdalo lwexesha elide
Ngaphandle kwezilumkiso zexesha langempela, iimonitha zomgangatho womoya zibonelela ngedatha yembali yexesha elide. Ezi seti zedatha zivumela abaphathi ukuba bahlalutye iindlela zexesha lonyaka, bafumane imiba ephindaphindayo, kwaye baphuhlise amaqhinga okuphucula iminyaka emininzi.
Isikolo saseGuangzhou sisebenzise iminyaka emithathu yokubeka esweni idatha ukuchonga intwasahlobo nekwindla njengexesha longcoliseko oluphezulu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso olujolise ekungeneni komoya kunye nohlaza oluye lwakhokelela ekuphuculeni okuhlala ixesha elide.
Ukuqinisa ukuThemba kwabaThengi kunye nabaSebenzi
Umgangatho womoya unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo namava omsebenzisi kunye nendlela ababona ngayo uphawu. Xa iindawo zorhwebo zibonisa ngokucacileyo imilinganiselo yomgangatho womoya, zibonisa ukuzibophelela kwimpilo nokhuseleko—oko kwandisa ukuthembana kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuhlala kwabathengi.
Ivenkile enkulu eHangzhou ibike ukuba ulwaneliseko lwabathengi lunyuke ngama-25% kunye nolwaneliseko oluqhelekileyo lwexesha lokuhlala emva kokwazisa ukubekwa kweliso elicacileyo lomgangatho womoya.
Ukusebenza njengeNkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba
Iimonitha zomgangatho womoya zisebenza njengee-alamu zexesha langempela. Ukunyuka kongcoliseko ngequbuliso—okubangelwa ziikhemikhali zokucoca, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-HVAC, okanye iziganeko ezingalindelekanga—kunokubonwa ngoko nangoko kwaye kulungiswe.
Ihotele yaseChengdu iphephe izikhalazo ezinzulu zeendwendwe emva kokuba inkqubo yayo yokubeka esweni ilumkise abasebenzi ngokungasebenzi kakuhle komoya okubangele i-CO2 engaqhelekangaamanqanaba, okuvumela amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuvumela uLwakhiwo oluHlaza kunye noPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Njengoko uzinzo luba yinto ephambili, ulawulo lomgangatho womoya ngexesha langempela luhambelana nemigangatho yokwakha indalo yehlabathi. Ngokunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla nokuthintela ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi, ukujonga ngobuchule kuxhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye neenkqubo zendalo zangaphakathi ezisempilweni.
IBeijingiprojekthi yokwakha okusingqongileyoisebenzise ukujonga umgangatho womoya ukuze iphucule ukusebenza kwe-HVAC, nto leyo ebangele ukwehla kwe-15% ekusebenziseni amandla ngelixa igcina umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi uphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-26-2025