Intshayelelo

Iikhompawundi ze-Volatile organic (VOCs) zikhutshwa njengeegesi ezivela kwizinto eziqinileyo okanye ulwelo.Ii-VOCs ziquka iindidi zeekhemikhali, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zibe neziphumo ezibi zezempilo ezimfutshane kunye nexesha elide.Ugxininiso lwee-VOC ezininzi luhlala luphezulu ngaphakathi (ukuya kumaxesha alishumi ngaphezulu) kunangaphandle.IiVOCs zikhutshwa luluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezibalelwa kumawaka.

Iikhemikhali ze-Organic zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezithako kwiimveliso zekhaya.Ipeyinti, ivanishi kunye newax zonke ziqulathe izinyibilikisi zendalo, njengokucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane, izithambiso, ukuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokuzonwabisa.Amafutha enziwe ngeekhemikhali eziphilayo.Zonke ezi mveliso zinokukhupha iikhompawundi eziphilayo ngelixa uzisebenzisa, kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, xa zigcinwa.

I-Ofisi ye-EPA yoPhando kunye noPhuhliso "Indlela yoVavanyo lweNdlela yoVavanyo (iQela) yeSifundo" (Imiqulu yoku-1 ukuya ku-IV, egqitywe ngo-1985) ifumene amanqanaba amalunga neshumi elinesibini longcoliseko oluqhelekileyo lwendalo ukuba abe ngama-2 ukuya kumaxesha e-5 aphezulu ngaphakathi kumakhaya kunangaphandle, nokuba amakhaya abekwe emaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezinemizi-mveliso eninzi.Uphononongo lweTEAM lubonise ukuba ngelixa abantu basebenzisa iimveliso ezinemichiza ephilayo, banokuzibeka esichengeni bona kunye nabanye kumanqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko, kwaye ukugxila okuphezulu kunokuqhubeka emoyeni ixesha elide emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe.

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Imithombo yee-VOCs

Iimveliso zasekhaya, kuquka:

• iipeyinti, izihlunu zepeyinti kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi
• izigcini zomthi
• izitshizi ze-aerosol
• izinto zokucoca kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane
• izinto zokugxotha amanundu kunye nezinto ezihlaziya umoya
• amafutha agciniweyo kunye neemveliso zemoto
• izinto zokuzonwabisa
• impahla ecocekileyo eyomileyo
• isibulali-zinambuzane

Ezinye iimveliso, kuquka:

• izixhobo zokwakha kunye nefenitshala
• izixhobo zeofisi ezifana neekopi kunye neeprinta, ii- correction fluids kunye nephepha lokukopa elingena carbon
• Imizobo kunye nemathiriyeli yobugcisa kubandakanya iglu kunye nokuncamathelisa, iziphawuli ezisisigxina kunye nezisombululo zefoto.

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Iziphumo zempilo

Iziphumo zempilo zinokubandakanya:

• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo kunye nomqala
• Intloko ebuhlungu, ukulahleka kolungelelwaniso kunye nesicaphucaphu
• Umonakalo kwisibindi, izintso kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central
• Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zinokubangela umhlaza kwizilwanyana, ezinye zirhanelwa okanye zaziwa ngokubangela umhlaza ebantwini.

Iimpawu eziphambili okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwii-VOC zibandakanya:

• ukucaphuka kwesilungu
• ukungakhululeki kwempumlo nomqala
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukusabela kolusu
• i-dyspnea
• ukwehla kumanqanaba e-serum cholinesterase
• isicaphucaphu
• ukuchama
• i-epistaxis
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi

Ikhono leekhemikhali eziphilayo ezibangela iziphumo zempilo zihluka kakhulu ukusuka kwezo zinetyhefu kakhulu, kulabo abangenayo impembelelo yezempilo eyaziwayo.

Njengezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwesiphumo sempilo buya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya inqanaba lokuvezwa kunye nobude bexesha eliveziweyo.Phakathi kweempawu ezikhawulezileyo abanye abantu abaye baba nazo kungekudala emva kokuvezwa kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ziquka:

• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo kunye nokuphefumla
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• ukuphazamiseka kokubona kunye nokuphazamiseka kwememori

Okwangoku, akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nokuba yeyiphi imiphumo yezempilo evela kumanqanaba ezinto eziphilayo ezihlala zifumaneka kumakhaya.

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Amanqanaba eMakhaya

Uphononongo lufumene ukuba amanqanaba ezinto ezininzi eziphilayo ziphakathi kwe-2 ukuya ku-5 amaxesha aphezulu ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kunangaphandle.Ngexesha kunye neeyure ezininzi ngokukhawuleza emva kwemisebenzi ethile, efana nokuhluthwa kwepeyinti, amanqanaba anokuba ngamaxesha angama-1,000 ngasemva kwamanqanaba angaphandle.

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Amanyathelo okuNciphisa ukuVezwa

• Yandisa ukungena komoya xa usebenzisa iimveliso ezikhupha ii-VOCs.
• Hlangana okanye ugqithise naziphi na izilumkiso zeleyibhile.
• Musa ukugcina izikhongozeli ezivuliweyo zeepeyinti ezingasetyenziswanga nezinye izinto ezifanayo esikolweni.
• IFormaldehyde, enye yezona VOCs zaziwayo, yenye yezona zinto zingcolisa umoya zangaphakathi ezinokuthi zilinganiswe ngokulula.
  • Chonga, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, susa umthombo.
  • Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukususa, nciphisa ukutyhileka ngokusebenzisa isitywina kuyo yonke imiphezulu evelileyo yeepaneli kunye nezinye iifanitshala.
• Sebenzisa iindlela ezihlanganisiweyo zokulawula izinambuzane ukunciphisa imfuno yezitshabalalisi.
• Sebenzisa iimveliso zasekhaya ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba unika umoya omtsha xa usebenzisa ezi mveliso.
• Lahla izikhongozeli ezingasetyenziswanga okanye ezingasetyenziswa kancinci ngokukhuselekileyo;Thenga ngezixa oza kuzisebenzisa kungekudala.
• Gcina kwindawo ekude nabantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Ungaze udibanise iimveliso zokhathalelo lwekhaya ngaphandle kokuba zichazwe kwileyibhile.

Landela imiyalelo yeleyibhile ngononophelo.

Iimveliso ezinokuba yingozi zihlala zinezilumkiso ezijolise ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa komsebenzisi.Umzekelo, ukuba ileyibhile ithi sebenzisa imveliso kwindawo engena umoya, yiya ngaphandle okanye kwindawo enefeni yokukhupha umoya ukuze uyisebenzise.Ngaphandle koko, vula iifestile ukubonelela ngobuninzi bomoya wangaphandle onokwenzeka.

Lahla iikhonteyina ezigcwele inxenye yeekhemikhali ezindala okanye ezingafunekiyo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba iigesi zinokuvuza nakwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, eli nyathelo linye linokunceda ukuxinana kweekhemikhali eziphilayo ekhayeni lakho.(Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ogqiba kwelokuba uzigcine zigcinwa kungekuphela nje kwindawo engena umoya kodwa zikwayindawo ekhuselekileyo engenakufikelela abantwana.) Musa ukusuka nje ulahle ezi mveliso zingafunwayo kumgqomo wenkunkuma.Fumanisa ukuba urhulumente wakho wasekhaya okanye nawuphi na umbutho kwindawo ohlala kuyo uxhasa ngeentsuku ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelela inkunkuma yendlu enetyhefu.Ukuba ezo ntsuku zikhona, zisebenzise ukulahla izikhongozeli ezingafunwayo ngokukhuselekileyo.Ukuba azikho iintsuku zokuqokelela okunjalo, cinga ngokuzilungiselela.

Thenga izixa eziqingqiweyo.

Ukuba usebenzisa iimveliso kuphela ngamaxesha athile okanye ngamaxesha athile onyaka, njengepeyinti, izihlunu zepeyinti kunye neparafini kwizifudumezi zasemkhathini okanye ipetroli kwizitshizi zengca, thenga kuphela kangangoko uza kuyisebenzisa ngoko nangoko.

Gcina utyhileko kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwiimveliso ezine-methylene chloride ukuya kubuncinci.

Iimveliso zabathengi eziqukethe i-methylene chloride ziquka iipeyinti zepeyinti, izisusa ezincamathelayo kunye nepeyinti yokutshiza i-aerosol.I-Methylene chloride yaziwa ngokubangela umhlaza kwizilwanyana.Kwakhona, i-methylene chloride iguqulwa ibe yi-carbon monoxide emzimbeni kwaye inokubangela iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-carbon monoxide.Funda ngononophelo iilebhile eziqulethe ulwazi olunobungozi empilweni kunye nezilumkiso malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi mveliso.Sebenzisa iimveliso ezine-methylene chloride ngaphandle xa kunokwenzeka;sebenzisa ngaphakathi kwindlu kuphela ukuba indawo ingena kakuhle.

Gcina ukubonakaliswa kwe-benzene kuncinci.

I-Benzene yi-carcinogen eyaziwayo yomntu.Eyona mithombo yangaphakathi yale khemikhali yile:

• umsi wecuba lokusingqongileyo
• amafutha agciniweyo
• iimpahla zokupeyinta
• ukukhutshwa kwemoto kwiigaraji eziqhotyoshelweyo

Izenzo eziya kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-benzene ziquka:

• ukuphelisa ukutshaya ekhaya
• ukubonelela ngeendawo zokungenisa umoya eziphezulu ngexesha lokupeyinta
• ukulahla iimpahla zepeyinti kunye namafutha akhethekileyo angayi kusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza

Gcina ukuchaneka kwi-perchlorethylene ekhutshwayo ukusuka kwizinto ezisanda kucocwa okomileyo ukuya kubuncinci.

I-Perchlorethylene yikhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni okomileyo.Kwizifundo zaselabhoratri, kubonakaliswe ukuba kubangela umhlaza kwizilwanyana.Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba abantu baphefumla amanqanaba aphantsi ale khemikhali kumakhaya apho kugcinwa khona izinto ezicocekileyo nanjengoko benxiba impahla ecocekileyo.Abacoci abomileyo babuyisela i-perchlorethylene ngexesha lokucoca okomileyo ukuze bakwazi ukugcina imali ngokuphinda bayisebenzise, ​​kwaye basusa ngaphezulu kweekhemikhali ngexesha lokucofa kunye nokugqiba iinkqubo.Abanye abacoci abomileyo, nangona kunjalo, musa ukususa i-perchlorethylene eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni sakho kule khemikhali bubulumko.

• Ukuba iimpahla ezicociweyo ngokomileyo zinevumba elinamandla lekhemikhali xa uzichola, ungazamkeli de zomiswe kakuhle.
• Ukuba iimpahla ezinevumba lekhemikhali zibuyiselwa kuwe kutyelelo olulandelayo, zama isicoci esomileyo esahlukileyo.

 

Ivela kwi-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality