Intshayelelo

Iikhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo (ii-VOC) zikhutshwa njengeegesi ezivela kwizinto ezithile eziqinileyo okanye ulwelo. Ii-VOC ziquka iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhemikhali, ezinye zazo ezinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yexesha elifutshane nelide. Uxinzelelo lwee-VOC ezininzi luhlala luphezulu ngaphakathi endlwini (ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezulu) kunangaphandle. Ii-VOC zikhutshwa ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifikelela kumawaka.

Iikhemikhali zendalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezithako kwiimveliso zasekhaya. Iipeyinti, iivanishi kunye newax zonke ziqulethe izinyibilikisi zendalo, njengoko kunjalo nangeemveliso ezininzi zokucoca, zokubulala iintsholongwane, zokuhombisa, zokususa amafutha kunye nezolonwabo. Amafutha enziwe ngeekhemikhali zendalo. Zonke ezi mveliso zinokukhupha iikhompawundi zendalo ngelixa uzisebenzisa, kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, xa zigcinwe.

I-Ofisi yoPhando noPhuhliso ye-EPA ethi “Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study” (uMqulu woku-1 ukuya kutsho kwisi-IV, eyagqitywa ngo-1985) ifumanise ukuba amanqanaba ezinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo amalunga neshumi elinesibini aphezulu ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kahlanu ngaphakathi emakhayeni kunangaphandle, nokuba amakhaya ayekwiindawo zasemaphandleni okanye kwiindawo zoshishino ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Izifundo zeTEAM zibonise ukuba ngelixa abantu besebenzisa iimveliso ezineekhemikhali eziphilayo, banokuzibeka bona kunye nabanye kumanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu ongcoliseko, kwaye amazinga aphezulu anokuqhubeka emoyeni ixesha elide emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe.

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Imithombo yeeVOC

Iimveliso zasekhaya, kuquka:

• iipeyinti, izihluzi zepeyinti kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi
• izithinteli zomthi
• izitshizi ze-aerosol
• izicoci kunye nezibulali-ntsholongwane
• izinto zokugxotha iinundu kunye nezihlambulula umoya
• amafutha agciniweyo kunye neemveliso zeemoto
• izinto zokuzonwabisa
• impahla ecociweyo
• isibulali-zinambuzane

Ezinye iimveliso, kuquka:

• izixhobo zokwakha kunye nefenitshala
• izixhobo zeofisi ezifana neekopi kunye neeprinta, ulwelo lokulungisa kunye nephepha lokukopa elingenakhabhoni
• izixhobo zemizobo kunye nobuchule kuquka iiglu kunye nezincamathelisi, iimpawu ezihlala zihleli kunye nezisombululo zeefoto.

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Iziphumo zeMpilo

Iziphumo zempilo zingabandakanya:

• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo nomqala
• Intloko ebuhlungu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha kunye nokucaphuka
• Ukonakala kwesibindi, izintso kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi
• Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zingabangela umhlaza kwizilwanyana, ezinye kurhanelwa ukuba zibangela umhlaza ebantwini.

Iimpawu eziphambili okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuchasana ne-VOC ziquka:

• ukucaphuka kwamehlo
• ukungakhululeki empumlweni nasemphinjeni
• intloko ebuhlungu
• impendulo yolusu olunxamnye nokwaliwa
• ukuphelelwa ngamandla
• ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-serum cholinesterase
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• i-epistaxis
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi

Amandla eekhemikhali eziphilayo okubangela iziphumo zempilo ahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwezo zinobungozi kakhulu, ukuya kwezo zingaziwayo ukuba zenza ntoni na empilweni.

Njengakwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwempembelelo yempilo kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi kuquka izinga lokuvezwa kunye nobude bexesha elivezwe ngalo. Phakathi kweempawu ezikhawulezileyo abanye abantu abaye bazibona emva nje kokuvezwa kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ziquka:

• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo kunye nendlela yokuphefumla
• iintloko ezibuhlungu
• isiyezi
• ukuphazamiseka kokubona kunye nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo

Okwangoku, akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nokuba zeziphi iziphumo zempilo ezenzekayo kumanqanaba ezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka emakhaya.

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Amanqanaba eeKhaya

Izifundo zifumanise ukuba amanqanaba ezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo aphakathi ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kahlanu ngaphezulu ngaphakathi kunangaphandle. Ngexesha nakwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kwemisebenzi ethile, efana nokukrazula ipeyinti, amanqanaba anokuba ngama-1,000 amanqanaba angaphandle angasemva.

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Amanyathelo Okunciphisa Ukuvezwa

• Yandisa umoya xa usebenzisa iimveliso ezikhupha ii-VOC.
• Hlangana okanye udlule naziphi na izilumkiso zeelebheli.
• Musa ukugcina izikhongozeli ezivuliweyo zepeyinti ezingasetyenziswanga kunye nezinto ezifanayo esikolweni.
• I-Formaldehyde, enye yezona VOCs zaziwayo, yenye yezona zinto zimbalwa zingcolisayo zomoya zangaphakathi ezinokulinganiswa ngokulula.
  • Chonga, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, susa umthombo.
  • Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukususa, nciphisa ukuvezwa ngokusebenzisa isitywini kuzo zonke iindawo ezibonakalayo zeepaneli kunye nezinye izinto zefenitshala.
• Sebenzisa iindlela ezidibeneyo zokulawula izinambuzane ukunciphisa isidingo see-pesticides.
• Sebenzisa iimveliso zasekhaya ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba unika umoya omtsha owaneleyo xa usebenzisa ezi mveliso.
• Lahla izikhongozeli ezingasetyenziswanga okanye ezingasetyenziswa kakhulu ngokukhuselekileyo; thenga ngobuninzi oza kuyisebenzisa kungekudala.
• Gcina kude nabantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Ungaze udibanise iimveliso zokhathalelo lwasekhaya ngaphandle kokuba ubhale kwileyibhile.

Landela imiyalelo yeleyibhile ngononophelo.

Iimveliso ezinokuba yingozi zihlala zinezilumkiso ezijolise ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa komsebenzisi. Umzekelo, ukuba ilebheli ithi sebenzisa imveliso kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo, phuma ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo ezinefeni yokukhupha umoya ukuze uyisebenzise. Ngaphandle koko, vula iifestile ukuze ufumane umoya ophezulu wangaphandle onokwenzeka.

Lahla izikhongozeli ezizele kancinci zeekhemikhali ezindala okanye ezingafunekiyo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba iigesi zinokuvuza nakwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, eli nyathelo linye linokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinano lweekhemikhali eziphilayo ekhayeni lakho. (Qiniseka ukuba izinto ozigqiba ekubeni uzigcine azigcinwanga kuphela kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo kodwa zikwafumaneka ngokukhuselekileyo kude nabantwana.) Musa ukuphosa nje ezi mveliso zingafunwayo kwisikhongozeli senkunkuma. Fumanisa ukuba urhulumente wakho wengingqi okanye nawuphi na umbutho kuluntu lwakho uxhasa iintsuku ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma yasekhaya enetyhefu. Ukuba ezo ntsuku ziyafumaneka, zisebenzise ukulahla izikhongozeli ezingafunwayo ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba azikho iintsuku zokuqokelelwa ezinjalo, cinga ngokuhlela enye.

Thenga ubungakanani obulinganiselweyo.

Ukuba usebenzisa iimveliso ngamaxesha athile okanye ngokwexesha lonyaka kuphela, ezifana neepeyinti, izihluzi zepeyinti kunye ne-parafini kwizifudumezi zesithuba okanye ipetroli yezixhobo zokugunda ingca, thenga kuphela ezo uza kuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko.

Gcina umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa ziimveliso ezine-methylene chloride uphantsi kakhulu.

Iimveliso zabathengi ezine-methylene chloride ziquka izihluzi zepeyinti, izisusi zeglu kunye neepeyinti ze-aerosol spray. I-methylene chloride yaziwa ngokubanga umhlaza kwizilwanyana. Kwakhona, i-methylene chloride iguqulwa ibe yi-carbon monoxide emzimbeni kwaye inokubangela iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwi-carbon monoxide. Funda ngononophelo iilebheli ezineenkcukacha ezinobungozi kwimpilo kunye nezilumkiso malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi mveliso. Sebenzisa iimveliso ezine-methylene chloride ngaphandle xa kunokwenzeka; sebenzisa ngaphakathi kuphela ukuba indawo inomoya owaneleyo.

Gcina ukuvezwa kwi-benzene kuncinci.

I-Benzene yaziwa ngokuba yi-carcinogen ebantwini. Imithombo ephambili yale khemikhali yangaphakathi yile:

• umsi wecuba okusingqongileyo
• amafutha agciniweyo
• izinto zokupenda
• ukukhutshwa kwegesi kwiimoto eziqhotyoshelweyo

Izenzo eziya kunciphisa ukuvezwa yi-benzene ziquka:

• ukuphelisa ukutshaya ekhaya
• ukubonelela ngomoya ophezulu ngexesha lokupeyinta
• ukulahla izinto zokupenda kunye namafutha akhethekileyo angasayi kusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko

Gcina ukuvezwa okuncinci kwi-perchloroethylene ekhutshwa zizinto ezisandula ukucocwa.

I-Perchloroethylene yeyona khemikhali isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni okomileyo. Kwiizifundo zelebhu, ibonakalisiwe ukuba ibangela umhlaza kwizilwanyana. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba abantu baphefumla amanqanaba aphantsi ale khemikhali kumakhaya apho kugcinwa khona izinto ezicociweyo naxa benxiba impahla ecociweyo. Abacoci bomileyo baphinda babambe i-perchloroethylene ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca okomileyo ukuze bakwazi ukonga imali ngokuyisebenzisa kwakhona, kwaye basusa uninzi lwekhemikhali ngexesha leenkqubo zokucinezela nokugqiba. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izicoci zomileyo azisusi i-perchloroethylene eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kule khemikhali kubulumko.

• Ukuba izinto ezicociweyo zidityaniswe nevumba elibi lekhemikhali xa uzithatha, musa ukuzithatha de zomiswe kakuhle.
• Ukuba iimpahla ezinevumba lekhemikhali zibuyiselwa kuwe xa undwendwela emva koko, zama enye i-dry cleaner.

 

Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality