Yintoni ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi?

Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi olubangelwa zizinto ezingcolisayo kunye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, iParticulate Matter, iiVolatile Organic Compounds, iRadon, iMould kunye neOzone. Nangona ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphandle lutsale ingqalelo yezigidi zabantu, umgangatho womoya ombi kakhulu owufumana imihla ngemihla usenokuba uvela emakhayeni akho.

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Yintoni ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi?

Kukho ungcoliseko olungaziwayo olusingqongileyo. Nangona ungcoliseko ngokubanzi luyinto ebalulekileyo ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo nezempilo, njengamanzi okanye ingxolo, uninzi lwethu aluqondi ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi luye lwabangela iingozi ezininzi zempilo ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala kule minyaka idlulileyo. Enyanisweni, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) iyibeka phakathienye yezona ngozi zintlanu ziphambili kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Sichitha malunga ne-90% yexesha lethu ngaphakathi kwaye yinyaniso eqinisekisiweyo yokuba ukukhutshwa komoya ngaphakathi kuyangcolisa nomoya. Olu kukhutshwa komoya ngaphakathi lunokuba lolwendalo okanye oluvela kubantu; luvela emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo ukuya kumjikelezo wangaphakathi kwaye kwinqanaba elithile, kwizinto zefenitshala. Olu kukhutshwa komoya ngaphakathi kubangela ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi.

Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kungcoliseko (okanye ungcoliseko) lomoya wangaphakathi olubangelwa zizinto ezingcolisayo kunye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, iParticulate Matter (PM 2.5), iiVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), iRadon, iMould kunye neOzone.

Qho ngonyaka,phantse izigidi ezine zokufa ngaphambi kwexesha zirekhodwe kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathikwaye uninzi lwabanye luthwaxwa zizifo ezinxulumene nayo, ezifana ne-asthma, izifo zentliziyo kunye nomhlaza. Ungcoliseko lomoya wasekhaya olubangelwa kukutshiswa kwamafutha angcolileyo kunye nezitovu zamafutha aqinileyo lukhupha ungcoliseko oluyingozi njengeNitrogen Oxides, iCarbon Monoxides kunye neParticleculate Matter. Okubangela oku kube yinto exhalabisayo ngakumbi kukuba ungcoliseko lomoya olubangelwa ngaphakathi endlwini.inokuba negalelo ekufeni kwabantu abamalunga nama-500,00 ngaphambi kwexesha okubangelwa kukungcola komoya wangaphandle minyaka le.

Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lunxulumene kakhulu nokungalingani kunye nobuhlwempu. Indawo ephilileyo ithathwa njengeilungelo labantu elisekelwe kumgaqo-sisekoNangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abamalunga neebhiliyoni ezintathu abasebenzisa imithombo yamafutha angcolileyo kwaye bahlala kwamanye amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi njenge-Afrika, amazwe aseLatin America nase-Asia. Ngaphezu koko, ubuchwepheshe kunye namafutha asetyenziswa ngaphakathi sele bubeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Ukulimala okufana nokutsha kunye nokuginywa kwe-parafini konke kunxulunyaniswa namandla asekhaya asetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukupheka kunye nezinye iinjongo ezinxulumene noko.

Kukwakho nokungalingani okukhoyo xa kubhekiselwa kolu ngcoliseko lufihlakeleyo. Abafazi namantombazana baziwa ngokuba ngabona bachaphazeleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuba bechitha ixesha elininzi ngaphakathi.uhlalutyo olwenziwe yi-World Health Organisation ngo-2016, amantombazana kumakhaya axhomekeke kwipetroli ezingcolileyo alahlekelwa ziiyure ezingama-20 ngeveki xa eqokelela iinkuni okanye amanzi; oku kuthetha ukuba akwimeko embi, xa kuthelekiswa namakhaya anokufikelela kwipetroli ezicocekileyo, kunye nalawo angamadoda.

Ngoko ke ungcoliseko lomoya lwangaphakathi lunxulumene njani notshintsho lwemozulu?

I-black carbon (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-soot) kunye ne-methane – igesi ye-greenhouse enamandla ngakumbi yi-carbon dioxide – ekhutshwa kukutsha okungasebenzi kakuhle emakhaya zizinto ezingcolisayo ezinamandla ezibangela utshintsho lwemozulu. Izixhobo zokupheka nokufudumeza zasekhaya zingumthombo ophezulu we-black carbon equka ukusetyenziswa kweebriquettes zamalahle, izitovu zomthi kunye nezixhobo zokupheka zemveli. Ngaphezu koko, i-black carbon inefuthe lokufudumala elinamandla kune-carbon dioxide; malunga nama-460 -1,500 anamandla kune-carbon dioxide ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima.

Utshintsho lwemozulu nalo lunokuchaphazela umoya esiwuphefumlayo ngaphakathi. Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-carbon dioxide kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunokubangela ubuninzi be-allergen ngaphandle, obunokungena kwiindawo zangaphakathi. Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje nazo ziye zehlisa umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi ngokwandisa umswakama, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kothuli, ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya.

Ingxaki yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi isizisa "kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi". Umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi (IAQ) ubhekisa kumgangatho womoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, kwaye unxulumene nempilo, intuthuzelo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu abahlala kwizakhiwo. Ngokufutshane, umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi umiselwa lungcoliseko lwangaphakathi. Ke ngoko, ukujongana nokuphucula i-IAQ, kukujongana nemithombo yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi.

Ungathanda kwakhona:Izixeko ezili-15 ezingcolisekileyo kakhulu kwihlabathi

Iindlela Zokunciphisa Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi

Okokuqala, ungcoliseko lwasekhaya yinto enokunciphisa kakhulu. Ekubeni sonke sipheka emakhayeni ethu, ukusebenzisa amafutha acocekileyo njenge-biogas, i-ethanol kunye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngokuqinisekileyo kunokusiqhubela phambili. Enye inzuzo koku, kukunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokulahleka kweendawo zokuhlala - endaweni ye-biomass kunye neminye imithombo yemithi - okunokujongana nomba ongxamisekileyo wotshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi.

NgokusebenzisaUmanyano lweMozulu kunye noMoya ococekileyo, iNkqubo yezeNdalo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UNEP) ikwathathe amanyathelo okubeka phambili ukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla acocekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunokuphucula umgangatho womoya, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye nokubeka phambili ukubaluleka kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, ezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Olu budlelwane bokuzithandela boorhulumente, imibutho, amaziko ezenzululwazi, amashishini kunye nemibutho yoluntu lubangelwe ngamanyathelo enziweyo okusombulula umgangatho womoya nokukhusela ihlabathi ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwemozulu oluhlala ixesha elifutshane (ii-SLCP).

I-World Health Organisation (WHO) ikwaphakamisa ulwazi ngongcoliseko lomoya lwamakhaya kumanqanaba elizwe nakwimimandla ngokusebenzisa ii-workshops kunye neengcebiso ezithe ngqo. Badale i-Isixhobo seZisombululo zaMandla oMzimba ococekileyo (ISIFUBA), indawo yokugcina ulwazi kunye nezixhobo zokuchonga abachaphazelekayo abasebenza kwizisombululo zamandla emakhaya kunye nemiba yempilo yoluntu ukuyila, ukusebenzisa kunye nokubeka esweni iinkqubo eziphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emakhaya.

Kumgangatho womntu ngamnye, kukho iindlela esinokuqinisekisa ngazo ukuba umoya ucocekile emakhayeni ethu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ulwazi lubalulekile. Uninzi lwethu kufuneka lufunde kwaye luqonde umthombo wongcoliseko oluvela emakhayeni ethu, nokuba luvela kwiinki, kwiiprinta, kwiikhaphethi, kwifenitshala, kwizixhobo zokupheka, njl.

Jonga izinto zokuhlaziya umoya ozisebenzisayo ekhaya. Nangona uninzi lwethu luthanda ukugcina amakhaya ethu engenavumba kwaye amkelekile, ezinye zezi zinokuba ngumthombo wongcoliseko. Ukuze sicacise ngakumbi, nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuhlaziya umoya eziqulethe i-limonene;oku kungaba ngumthombo weeVOC. Umoya ongenisayo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvula iifestile zethu ngamaxesha afanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa izihluzi zomoya eziqinisekisiweyo nezisebenzayo kunye neefeni zokukhupha umoya kulula ukuqala ngazo. Cinga ngokwenza uvavanyo lomgangatho womoya, ngakumbi kwiiofisi nakwiindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu, ukuze uqonde iiparameter ezahlukeneyo ezilawula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Kwakhona, ukujonga rhoqo imibhobho ukuvuza kunye neefreyimu zeefestile emva kwemvula kunokunceda ukuthintela ukukhula komswakama kunye nokungunda. Oku kuthetha ukugcina amanqanaba omswakama phakathi kwe-30%-50% kwiindawo ezinokuqokelela umswakama.

Umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nongcoliseko ziingcamango ezimbini eziye zatyeshelwa kwaye zihlala zinganakwa. Kodwa ngengqondo elungileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, sinokuhlala silungele utshintsho, nokuba emakhaya ethu. Oku kunokukhokelela kumoya ococekileyo kunye neendawo zokuphefumla zethu kunye nabantwana, kwaye ke, kukhokelela kubomi obukhuselekileyo.

Ukusuka kwi-earth.org.