Izizathu eziphambili zeeNgxaki zoMoya waNgaphakathi - Umsi weSecondhand kunye nezindlu ezingenamsi

Yintoni uMsi weSekondi?

Umsi wecuba ngumxube womsi ophuma ngokutshiswa kweemveliso zecuba, ezifana necuba, iicuba okanye imibhobho kunye nomsi okhutshwa ngabantu abatshayayo. Umsi womsi wecuba ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumsi wecuba lokusingqongileyo (ETS). Ukuchanabeka kumsi wecuba ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba kukwenza ngokuzithandela okanye ukutshaya. Umsi wecuba, ohlelwa yi-EPA njenge-carcinogen yeQela, iqulethe izinto ezingaphezu kwama-7,000. Ukuchaneka komsi wecuba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngaphakathi, ngakumbi kumakhaya nakwiimoto. Umsi wecuba unokuhamba phakathi kwamagumbi endlu naphakathi kwezindlu. Ukuvula ifestile okanye ukunyuka komoya endlwini okanye emotweni akukhuseli kumsi wecuba.

Ziziphi iimpembelelo zeMpilo zoMsi weSekondi?

Iziphumo zempilo zecuba kubantu abadala abangatshayiyo ziyingozi kwaye zininzi. Umsi wecuba ubangela isifo sentliziyo (isifo sentliziyo nestroke), umhlaza wemiphunga, isifo sokufa kweentsana ngesiquphe, ukuhlaselwa sisifuba rhoqo nangakumbi, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo. Iimvavanyo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zempilo malunga nomsi wecuba zenziwe.

Iziphumo eziphambili:

• Akukho nqanaba lingenamngcipheko lokuchanabeka kumsi wecuba.
• Ukususela kwiNgxelo kaGqirha Jikelele we-1964, abantu abadala abazizigidi ezi-2.5 ababengatshayi bafa ngenxa yokuba bephefumla umsi wecuba.
• Umsi womsi wecuba ubangela ukufa kwabantu abaphantse babe ngama-34 000 ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo nyaka ngamnye eUnited States phakathi kwabo bangatshayiyo.
• Abantu abangatshayiyo abachatshazelwa ngumsi wecuba ekhaya okanye emsebenzini banyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo ngama-25-30%.
• Umsi wecuba ubangela ukusweleka komhlaza wemiphunga phakathi kwabantu abangatshayiyo base-US unyaka nonyaka.
• Abantu abangatshayiyo abathe bachanabeka kumsi wecuba ekhaya okanye emsebenzini banyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga ngama-20-30%.
• Umsi wecuba ubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo kwiintsana nasebantwaneni, kubandakanywa ukuhlaselwa sisifuba rhoqo nangokuqatha, usulelo lokuphefumla, usulelo lwendlebe, kunye nesifo sokufa komntwana ngesiquphe.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze unciphise ukuchanabeka kwicuba lecuba?

Ukuphelisa umsi wecuba kwindawo yangaphakathi kuya kunciphisa imiphumo eyingozi yempilo, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nokuthuthuzela okanye impilo yabantu abahlala kuyo. Ukuba sesichengeni komsi wecuba kunokuncitshiswa ngokumiselwa komgaqo-nkqubo wokungatshayi ogunyazisiweyo okanye ngokuzithandela. Ezinye iindawo zokusebenza kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo zikawonke-wonke ezifana neebhari kunye neeresityu azitshayi ngokomthetho. Abantu banokuseka kwaye banyanzelise imithetho yokungabikho komsi kumakhaya abo nakwiimoto. Kwizindlu ezineentsapho ezininzi, ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wokungatshayi kunokuba sisinyanzelo okanye ngokuzithandela, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwepropati kunye nendawo (umz., ubunini kunye negunya lolawulo).

• Ikhaya liba yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuchanabeka kwabantwana kunye nabantu abadala kumsi wecuba. (Ingxelo kaGqirha Jikelele, 2006)
• Amakhaya angaphakathi kwizakhiwo ezinemigaqo-nkqubo yokungatshayi ane-PM2.5 esezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ezingenayo le migaqo-nkqubo. I-PM2.5 yiyunithi yokulinganisa amasuntswana amancinci emoyeni kwaye isetyenziswa njengophawu olunye lomgangatho womoya. Amanqanaba aphezulu amasuntswana amahle emoyeni anokukhokelela kwiimpembelelo ezimbi zempilo. (Russia, 2014)
• Ukuthintela ukutshaya ngaphakathi endlwini kuphela kwendlela yokuphelisa umsi wecuba kwindawo yangaphakathi. Ukungena komoya kunye neendlela zokucoca zinokunciphisa, kodwa zingapheli, umsi wesibini. (Bohoc, 2010)

Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes