Yintoni Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi?

Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi obangelwa zizingcolisi kunye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, iParticulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon, Mold and Ozone. Ngelixa ungcoliseko lomoya lwangaphandle luthabathe ingqalelo yezigidi, owona mgangatho womoya umbi kakhulu ofumana mihla le usenokuba uphuma kumakhaya akho.

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Yintoni Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi?

Kukho ungcoliseko olungaziwayo olusingqongileyo. Nangona ungcoliseko ngokubanzi ngokuqinisekileyo luyinkalo ebalulekileyo kwimbono yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo, njengamanzi okanye ingxolo, abaninzi bethu abazi ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya ongaphakathi lubangele iingozi ezininzi zempilo kubantwana nakubantu abadala kwiminyaka. Ngapha koko, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (EPA) iyibeka njengeenye yeengozi ezintlanu eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo.

Sichitha malunga ne-90% yexesha lethu ngaphakathi endlwini kwaye yinyani eqinisekisiweyo yokuba izinto ezikhutshwayo zangaphakathi zikwangcolisa umoya. Ezi zinto zikhutshwayo zangaphakathi zinokuba zendalo okanye i-anthropogenic; zisuka kumoya esiwuphefumlayo ukuya kujikelezo lwangaphakathi kwaye ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, kumanqaku efenitshala. Oku kukhutshwayo kukhokelela kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi.

Ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi kukungcola (okanye ukungcoliswa) komoya wangaphakathi obangelwa ukungcola kunye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, i-Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), i-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), i-Radon, i-Mold kunye ne-Ozone.

Qho ngonyaka,phantse izigidi ezine zokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha zirekhodwa kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya ongaphakathiyaye abaninzi ngakumbi bathwaxwa zizifo ezinxulumene nayo, njengesifuba, izifo zentliziyo nomhlaza. Ungcoliseko lomoya lwasekhaya olubangelwa kukutshiswa kwamafutha angacocekanga kunye nezitovu zamafutha aqinileyo zikhupha izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziyingozi njengeNitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxides kunye neParticulate Matter. Eyona nto yenza oku kuchaphazeleke ngakumbi kukuba ungcoliseko lomoya olubangelwe ngaphakathiinokuba negalelo phantse kuma-500,00 okufa ngaphambi kwexesha okubalelwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphandle minyaka le..

Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lunxulunyaniswa ngokunzulu nokungalingani kunye nobuhlwempu ngokunjalo. Indawo esempilweni ibonwa njengeilungelo lomgaqo-siseko labantu. Phezu kwako nje oku, kukho abantu abamalunga neebhiliyoni ezintathu abasebenzisa imithombo yamafutha engcolileyo nabahlala kwamanye amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini njengeAfrika, amazwe aseLatin America naseAsia. Ngaphaya koko, ubuchwephesha obukhoyo kunye namafutha asetyenziswa ngaphakathi endlini sele ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Ukwenzakala okufana nokutshiswa kunye nokutyiwa kwe-kerosene zonke zinxulunyaniswa namandla asekhaya asetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukupheka kunye nezinye iinjongo ezinxulumene noko.

Kukwakho nokungalingani okukhoyo xa kubhekiswa kolu ngcoliseko lufihliweyo. Abasetyhini kunye namantombazana baziwa njengabachaphazeleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuba bachitha ixesha elininzi bengaphakathi. Ngoku kauhlalutyo olwenziwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kwi-2016, amantombazana akumakhaya axhomekeke kumafutha angacocekanga aphulukana neeyure ezingama-20 veki nganye etheza iinkuni okanye amanzi; oku kuthetha ukuba bakwimeko embi, kokubini xa kuthelekiswa nemizi ekwaziyo ukufikelela kumafutha acocekileyo, ngokunjalo nakoogxa babo abangamadoda.

Ke ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lunxulumana njani nokutshintsha kwemozulu?

Ikhabhoni emnyama (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-soot) kunye ne-methane - igesi ye-greenhouse enamandla ngakumbi yi-carbon dioxide - ekhutshwa kukutsha okungahambi kakuhle kumakhaya zizingcolisi ezinamandla ezinegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Izixhobo zokupheka kunye nokufudumeza ekhaya zenza owona mthombo uphezulu wekhabhoni emnyama ebandakanya ngokusisiseko ukusetyenziswa kweebrikethi zamalahle, izitovu zamaplanga kunye nezixhobo zokupheka zesintu. Ngaphezu koko, ikhabhoni emnyama inefuthe elinamandla lokufudumala kunekhabhon diokside; malunga nama-460 -1,500 amaxesha omelele kunekharbon diokside ngeyunithi yobunzima.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngokulandelelanayo, kunokuchaphazela nomoya esiwuphefumlela ngaphakathi. Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba ekhabhoni dioksidi kunye nokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kunokubangela ukuxinana kwe-allergen yangaphandle, enokungena kwiindawo ezingaphakathi. Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje ziye zathoba umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi ngokunyusa ukufuma, okukhokelela ekwandeni kothuli, ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya.

I-conundrum yongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi isizisa “kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi”. Umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi (IAQ) ubhekiselele kumgangatho womoya ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwizakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, kwaye unxulumene nempilo, intuthuzelo kunye nempilo entle yabantu abahlala kwizakhiwo. Lilonke, umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi umiselwa lungcoliseko olungaphakathi. Ke ngoko, ukujongana nokuphucula i-IAQ, kukujongana nemithombo yongcoliseko lomoya yangaphakathi.

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Iindlela Zokunciphisa Ungcoliseko Lomoya Wangaphakathi

Okokuqala, ungcoliso lwendlu yinto enokuthintelwa ukusa kumlinganiselo omhle. Kuba sonke sipheka emakhayeni ethu, ukusebenzisa amafutha acocekileyo afana ne-biogas, i-ethanol kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokuqinisekileyo inokusithatha inyathelo eliya phambili. Inzuzo eyongeziweyo koku, iya kuba kukuncitshiswa kokuthotywa kwamahlathi kunye nelahleko yendawo yokuhlala - endaweni ye-biomass kunye neminye imithombo yemithi - enokujongana nomba ocinezelayo wokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi.

Ngokusebenzisa iImozulu kunye neCoci yoMoya iManyano, Inkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UNEP) iphinde ithathe amanyathelo okubeka phambili ukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla acocekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunokuphucula umgangatho womoya, ukunciphisa ukungcola komoya, kunye nokuzisa phambili ukubaluleka kokusingqongileyo, intlalontle kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho ezifanayo. . Obu budlelwane bokuzithandela boorhulumente, imibutho, amaziko ezenzululwazi, amashishini kunye nemibutho yoluntu yaqhutywa kumalinge enziwe ukusombulula umgangatho womoya kunye nokukhusela iglowubhu ngokunciphisa izinto ezingcolisa imozulu zexesha elifutshane (SLCPs).

UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ukwanyusa ulwazi ngongcoliseko lomoya wemizi kwimigangatho yelizwe neyengingqi ngeendibano zocweyo kunye nothethwano oluthe ngqo. Baye badala aCoca Household Energy Solutions Toolkit (CHEST), uvimba wolwazi kunye nezibonelelo zokuchonga abachaphazelekayo abasebenza kwizisombululo zamandla asekhaya kunye nemiba yempilo yoluntu ukuyila, ukusebenzisa kunye nokubeka iliso kwiinkqubo ezimalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ekhaya.

Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, kukho iindlela esinokuqinisekisa ngazo umoya ococekileyo kumakhaya ethu. Kuqinisekile ukuba ulwazi lungundoqo. Uninzi lwethu kufuneka lufunde kwaye luqonde umthombo wongcoliseko oluphuma kumakhaya ethu, nokuba luphuma kwi-inki, iiprinta, iikhaphethi, ifenitshala, izixhobo zokupheka, njl.

Gcina ujonge izinto ezihlaziya umoya ozisebenzisayo ekhaya. Ngelixa uninzi lwethu lutyekele ekugcineni amakhaya ethu engenavumba kwaye amkelekile, ezinye zezi zinokuba ngumthombo wongcoliseko. Ukucacisa ngakumbi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-air fresheners equkethe i-limonene;oku kunokuba ngumthombo we-VOCs. Ukungena komoya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvula iifestile zethu ngamaxesha afanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa izihluzi zomoya eziqinisekisiweyo nezisebenzayo kunye neefeni zokukhupha zilula amanyathelo okuqala okuqala. Cinga ukwenza uvavanyo lomgangatho womoya, ngakumbi kwiiofisi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezinkulu, ukuqonda iiparitha ezahlukeneyo ezilawula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Kwakhona, ukujongwa rhoqo kwemibhobho ukuba ayivuzi na kunye nezakhelo zeefestile emva kwezantyalantyala zemvula kunokunceda ukuthintela ukukhula kokufuma nokungunda. Oku kukwathetha ukugcina amanqanaba okufuma phakathi kwe-30% -50% kwiindawo ezinokuthi ziqokelele ukufuma.

Umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nongcoliseko ziikhonsepthi ezimbini eziye zithande ukungahoywa. Kodwa ngengqondo echanekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni, sinokuhlala siziqhelanisa neenguqu, nokuba kumakhaya ethu. Oku kunokukhokelela kumoya ococekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo okuphefumlayo kuthi nakubantwana, kwaye emva koko, kukhokelele kubomi obukhuselekileyo.

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