Isishwankathelo
Uninzi lwabantu luyazi ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphandle lunokuchaphazela impilo yabo, kodwa ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lunokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo neyingozi kwimpilo. Izifundo ze-EPA zokuchatshazelwa kwabantu kungcoliseko lomoya zibonisa ukuba amanqanaba ongcoliseko lwangaphakathi anokuba ngaphezulu kabini ukuya kahlanu - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe-100 - kunamanqanaba angaphandle.1 La manqanaba ongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi axhalabisa kakhulu, kuba uninzi lwabantu luchitha malunga nama-90 ekhulwini exesha labo ngaphakathi. Ngenjongo yesi sikhokelo, inkcazo yolawulo lomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi (IAQ) ibandakanya:
- Ulawulo longcoliseko oluvela emoyeni;
- Ukwaziswa nokusasazwa komoya ongaphandle owaneleyo; kunye
- Ukugcinwa kobushushu obamkelekileyo kunye nokufuma okufanelekileyo
Ubushushu kunye nokufuma akunakujongwa, kuba iingxaki zokuthuthuzela ubushushu zisisiseko sezikhalazo ezininzi malunga "nomgangatho womoya ophantsi." Ngaphezu koko, ubushushu kunye nokufuma ziphakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezichaphazela amanqanaba okungcola ngaphakathi endlwini.
Imithombo yangaphandle nayo kufuneka iqwalaselwe kuba umoya ongaphandle ungena kwizakhiwo zesikolo ngeefestile, iingcango kunye neenkqubo zokungenisa umoya. Ngoko ke, imisebenzi yokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa komhlaba iba zizinto ezichaphazela amanqanaba ongcoliseko lwangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho womoya ongaphandle kwimihlaba yesikolo.
Kutheni i-IAQ ibalulekile?
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izifundo zothelekiso lomngcipheko ezenziwe yiBhodi yeeNgcebiso zeSayensi ye-EPA (i-SAB) ziye zabeka ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi phakathi kweengozi ezintlanu eziphambili kwimpilo yoluntu. I-IAQ elungileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemeko-bume esempilweni yangaphakathi, kwaye inokunceda izikolo zifikelele usukelo lwazo oluphambili lokufundisa abantwana.
Ukungaphumeleli ukuthintela okanye ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiingxaki ze-IAQ kunokunyusa iziphumo zempilo zexesha elide nezexesha elifutshane kubafundi nakubasebenzi, ezinje ngezi:
- Ukukhwehlela;
- Ukucaphuka kwamehlo;
- Intloko ebuhlungu;
- Iimpendulo ze-allergy;
- Isifo se-asthma kunye/okanye ezinye izifo zokuphefumla eziqhubekayo; kunye
- Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, oko kuchaphazela iimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana nesifo sikaLegionnaire okanye ubuthi be-carbon monoxide.
Phantse umntwana omnye kwabalishumi elinesithathu abakwiminyaka yokufunda une-asthma, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantwana bangayi esikolweni ngenxa yezifo ezingapheliyo. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezibangela i-allergy ngaphakathi endlwini (ezifana neencukuthu zothuli, izinambuzane, kunye nokungunda) kudlala indima ekubangeleni iimpawu ze-asthma. Ezi zinto zibangela i-allergy zixhaphakile ezikolweni. Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba ukuchatshazelwa yi-diesel exhaust evela kwiibhasi zesikolo nakwezinye izithuthi kuyayikhulisa i-asthma kunye ne-allergies. Ezi ngxaki zinokuthi:
- Impembelelo yokubakho kwabafundi, intuthuzelo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle;
- Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kootitshala nabasebenzi;
- Ukukhawulezisa ukuwohloka nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo nezixhobo zesikolo;
- Ukwandisa amathuba okuvalwa kwezikolo okanye ukufuduselwa kwabantu abahlala kuzo;
- Ubudlelwane obuxinzelelekileyo phakathi kwabaphathi besikolo, abazali kunye nabasebenzi;
- Yenza uluntu olubi;
- Impembelelo yokuthembana koluntu; kunye
- Yenza iingxaki zoxanduva.
Iingxaki zomoya wangaphakathi zinokuba zincinci kwaye azisoloko zivelisa impembelelo eqondakala lula kwimpilo, kwimpilo-ntle, okanye kwisityalo esibonakalayo. Iimpawu ziquka iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukudinwa, ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukuxinana kweesinus, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa liliso, impumlo, umphimbo, kunye nolusu. Iimpawu azinakubangelwa kukunqongophala komgangatho womoya, kodwa zinokubangelwa zezinye izinto, ezifana nokukhanya okungekho kakuhle, uxinzelelo, ingxolo kunye nokunye. Ngenxa yobuthathaka obahlukeneyo phakathi kwabafundi abafunda esikolweni, iingxaki ze-IAQ zinokuchaphazela iqela labantu okanye umntu omnye kwaye zinokuchaphazela umntu ngamnye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Abantu abanokuba sesichengeni kakhulu seziphumo zongcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi baquka, kodwa abapheleli apho, abantu abanale:
- Isifuba, ii-allergies, okanye ukuvakalelwa ziikhemikhali;
- Izifo zokuphefumla;
- Amasosha omzimba acinezelweyo (ngenxa yemitha, i-chemotherapy, okanye isifo); kunye
- Iilensi zokujonga.
Amaqela athile abantu anokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi sokuvezwa zizinto ezithile ezingcolisayo okanye imixube yongcoliso. Umzekelo, abantu abanesifo sentliziyo banokuchaphazeleka kakubi kukuvezwa yi-carbon monoxide kunabantu abaphilileyo. Abantu abachaphazeleka kumanqanaba aphezulu e-nitrogen dioxide nabo basengozini enkulu yosulelo lokuphefumla.
Ukongeza, imizimba ekhulayo yabantwana inokuba sesichengeni sokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo ngakumbi kunaleyo yabantu abadala. Abantwana baphefumla umoya omninzi, batya ukutya okuninzi kwaye basela ulwelo olungaphezulu ngokobunzima bomzimba wabo kunabantu abadala. Ke ngoko, umgangatho womoya ezikolweni ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo komoya wangaphakathi kungaphezulu nje kombandela "womgangatho"; kubandakanya ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo lotyalo-mali lwakho kubafundi, kubasebenzi nakwizibonelelo.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, bonaUmgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi.
Iireferensi
1. UWallace, uLance A., et al. Uphononongo lweTotal Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM): Ukuvezwa komntu, ubudlelwane bangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye namanqanaba okuphefumla kweekhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo eNew Jersey.Indalo. Int.Ngowe-1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-15-2022